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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of an electronic concept kind of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's made and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares several features of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, which could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
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Bitcoin can be used to pay for things electronically, if the two parties are willing. In that sense, its like conventional dollars, euros, or yen, which are also traded digitally.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of dedicated computers spread around the globe. This brings individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
Bitcoin simplifies the double spending problem of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can easily be copied and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys worth relative to other people. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with very his response little alternative) bear the cost.
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin in addition to the ability to send them.
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In practice, each user is identified with the address of his or her pocket. Transactions can, with some effort, be monitored this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they're allowed to purchase or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be monitored. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a specific transaction is visible to all.
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This is because there's no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. When a transaction is listed on the network, and when more than an hour has passed, it is impossible to modify.
While this may disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Read more to find out how bitcoin transactions are processed and how bitcoins are mined, what it can be used for, as well as how you can buy, sell and store your bitcoin. We also explain a few alternatives to bitcoin, in addition to how its underlying technology the blockchain works. .
If you want to know what is Bitcoin, how you can get it and how it can assist you, without floundering into technical details, this manual is for you. It'll explain how the system operates, how you can use it for your profit, which scams to avoid. It will also guide you to sources that will help you store and use your very first parts of digital currency.